Forum Udruge 051
Rijeka i okolica danas => Fotografije => Autor teme: Damir - 02.01.2015., 20:36:15
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Već duže vremena sam u posjedu fotografija iz tog razdoblja američke povijesti.
Da ne trunu bez veze na photobucketu podjelit ću ih s Vama. :coolwink
Američki građanski rat 1861-1865, u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, je bio rat između sjevernih saveznih država (Unija ili Sjever) i južnih robovlasničkih država (tada novoformirana Konfederacija ili Jug pod vodstvom Jefferson Davisa). Unija se sastojala od svih država u kojima je bilo zabranjeno robovlasništvo (takozvane slobodne države), kao i od pet država koje su dopuštale držanje robova, i bila je pod vodstvom Abraham Lincolna i Republikanske partije. Sama Republikanska partija je osporavala širenje ropstva na teritoriji SAD, a njihova pobjeda na izborima 1860. godine bila je uzrokom toga da je sedam južnih država proglasilo otcjepljenje od Unije još prije i nego je Lincoln preuzeo predsjednički mandat. Unija je odbila da prizna otcjepljenje okarakterisavši ga kao pobunu.
Neprijateljstva su počela 12. aprila 1861. godine napadom trupa Konfederacije na utvrdu Fort Sumter u Južnoj Karolini. Linkoln je reagovao na ovo tako što je pozvao dobrovoljce u vojsku Unije, da bi poslije tog čina još četiri južne države proglasile otcijepljenje. Prve godine je Unija uspostavila kontrolu nad pograničnim državama, kao i pomorsku blokadu Konfederacije. U 1862. godini već je došlo do većih bitaka i gubitaka u ljudstvu s obje strane, do tada nezabilježenih u historiji SAD (Bitka kod Šajloa, Bitka kod Entitema). U septembru 1862. Linkoln je izdao Proklamaciju o emancipaciji u kojoj je odredio ukidanje ropstva kao glavni cilj rata. [1]
Prvih godina su snage Konfederacije predvođene Robert Edward Leeom ostvarile nekoliko pobjeda u okršajima sa snagama Unije. Međutim 1863. godine došlo je do bitke kod Gettysburga, koja se smatra prekretnicom rata. Nakon toga je uslijedilo zauzimanje Vicksburga i Port Hudsona od strane snaga sjevera predvođenih Ulysses S. Grantom, čime je ostvarena kontrola Unije nad cijelom rijekom Mississippi. U 1864. godini snage Unije zauzimaju i Richmond, glavni grad Konfederacije, a potom slijedi zauzimanje Atlante od strane snaga Unije predvođenih Williamom Shermanom. Otpor Konfederacije je slomljen u aprilu 1865. godine, kada se Lee sa ostacima svojih snaga predao Grantu.
Rat se pokazao kao najsmrtonosniji u historiji SAD, izazvavši smrt oko 620.000 vojnika i neutvrđen broj civilnih žrtava. Historičar John Huddleston procijenio je stopu smrtnosti na 10 posto svih sjevernjačkih muškaraca straih 20–45 godina, i 30 posto svih južnjačkih muškaraca starosti 18–40 godina. [2] Druge njegove posljedice su ukidanje ropstva, jačanje uloge centralne vlasti, kao i porast socijalnih, političkih, rasnih i ekonomskih tenzija, što još uvijek vrši uticaj na savremeno američko društvo.
Žrtve na strani sjevera: 110,000 mrtvih vojnika,360,000 ukupno mrtvih,275,200 ranjenih
Žrtve na strani juga: 93,000 mrtvih vojnika,258,000 ukupno mrtvih,137,000 ranjenih
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George Armstrong Custer
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Ulysses Simpson Grant
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Robert Edward Lee
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